Gum
disease (also called periodontal disease) is
an infection of the tissues surrounding and
supporting the teeth. It is a major cause of
tooth loss in adults. In fact, after age 35,
about three out of four adults are affected
by some form of gum disease.
Gum
disease is caused by plaque, a sticky film of
bacteria that constantly forms on the teeth.
These bacteria create toxins that can damage
the gums. In the early stage of gum disease,
called gingivitis, the gums can become red,
swollen and bleed easily. At this stage, the
disease is still reversible and can usually
be eliminated by daily brushing and flossing.
Because
gum disease is usually painless, however, you
may not know you have it. In the more advanced
stages of gum disease, called periodontitis,
the gums and bone that support the teeth can
become seriously damaged. The teeth can become
loose, fall out or have to be removed by a dentist.
Signs
of gum disease
If
you notice any of the following signs of gum
disease, see your dentist immediately:
- gums
that bleed when you brush your teeth
- red,
swollen or tender gums
- gums
that have pulled away from the teeth
- bad
breath that doesn't go away
- pus
between your teeth and gums
- loose
teeth
- a
change in the way your teeth fit together
when you bite
- a
change in the fit of partial dentures
Preventing
gum disease
The
good news is that you can help prevent gum disease
by taking good care of your teeth every day
and having regular dental checkups. Here's how
to keep your teeth and gums healthy:
Brush
your teeth well twice a day.
This removes the film of bacteria from the teeth.
Be sure to use a soft-bristled toothbrush that
is in good condition. Toothpastes and mouth
rinses containing fluoride strengthen the teeth
and help prevent decay. Choose products that
bear the American Dental Association Seal of
Acceptance, a symbol of a product's safety and
effectiveness. The ADA reviews all advertising
claims for any product bearing the Seal. The
Seal on a product is an assurance for consumers
and dentists against misleading or untrue statements
concerning a product and its use, safety and
effectiveness.
Clean
between your teeth every day.
Cleaning between your teeth with floss or interdental
cleaners removes bacteria and food particles
from between the teeth, where a toothbrush can't
reach. Early gum disease can often be reversed
by daily brushing and flossing. If you use interdental
cleaners, ask your dentist how to use them properly,
to avoid injuring your gums.
Eat
a balanced diet.
Choose a variety of foods from the basic food
groups, such as breads, cereals and other grain
products; fruits; vegetables; meat, poultry
and fish; and dairy products, such as milk,
cheese and yogurt. Limit between-meal snacks.
Visit
your dentist regularly.
It is important to have regular dental checkups,
and professional cleaning is essential to prevent
periodontal diseases.
